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|Section2= |Section3= |Section4= }} Acrylic acid (IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCO2H. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a thousand kilotons are produced annually.〔Takashi Ohara, Takahisa Sato, Noboru Shimizu, Günter Prescher Helmut Schwind, Otto Weiberg, Klaus Marten, Helmut Greim "Acrylic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2003, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 ==Production== Acrylic acid is produced from propene which is a byproduct of ethylene and gasoline production. :CH2=CHCH3 + 1.5 O2 → CH2=CHCO2H + H2O Because acrylic acid and its esters have long been valued commercially, many other methods have been developed but most have been abandoned for economic or environmental reasons. An early method was the hydrocarboxylation of acetylene ("Reppe chemistry"): :HCCH + CO + H2O → CH2=CHCO2H This method requires nickel carbonyl and high pressures of carbon monoxide. It was once manufactured by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile which is derived from propene by ammoxidation, but was abandoned because the method cogenerates ammonium derivatives. Other now abandoned precursors to acrylic acid include ethenone and ethylene cyanohydrin.〔 Dow Chemical Company and a partner, OPX Biotechnologies, are investigating using fermented sugar to produce 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), an acrylic acid precursor. 〔(Sweet Deal: Dow and Partner Cook up Sugar-to-Acrylic Plan ). Durabilityanddesign.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-24.〕 The goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 〔(Better Bugs to Make Plastics, Technology Review, September 20, 2010, retrieved January 9, 2012 ). Technologyreview.com (2010-09-20). Retrieved on 2012-05-24.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acrylic acid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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